When was coq10 discovered

The legacy of Dr. Karl Folkers: extensive clinical research into the safety and the effects of Coenzyme Q Folkers set the standard for clinical research into the safety and the effects of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation. He assisted and collaborated with Dr. Svend Aage Mortensen, Dr. Langsjoen, Dr. Judy, Mr. Sven Moesgaard and numerous other researchers in getting Coenzyme Q10 clinical trials designed and carried out.

Thanks to the efforts of Dr. Folkers and his followers, we now have results from two large randomized controlled trials — Morisco and Mortensen — that show significantly improved symptoms and survival and significantly fewer hospitalizations in heart failure patients with Coenzyme Q10 added on to conventional treatment and compared to placebo treatment.

In addition, we have the results of many smaller studies that confirm a positive health effect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation for heart failure patients, e. We have three meta-analyses — Soja , Sander , and Fotino — and two systematic literature reviews — Rosenfeldt and DiNicolantonio — that show improvements in various parameters such as NYHA functional class, ejection fraction, stroke volume, and cardiac output without side effects.

American and Australian studies have shown that supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 prior to and following heart surgery reduce the number and severity of complications and can reduce the length of the hospital stay [39,55]. The meta-analyses and systematic literature reviews show that Coenzyme Q10 as an adjuvant treatment in chronic heart failure is exceptionally safe and well-tolerated. Last but not least, we have the results of the KiSel study results showing significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality in healthy elderly Swedish citizens after four years of combined selenium and Coenzyme Q10 supplementation.

Thanks to the clinical research initiated by Dr. Folkers, we now understand much more about the mechanisms by which Coenzyme Q10 improves the working of the failing heart.

Coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves the cardiac ATP production, serves as a powerful antioxidant, and helps to correct endothelial dysfunction. Journal of The American College of Cardiology , 62 16 , ee Adarsh, K.

Biofactors Oxford, England , 32 , Alehagen, U. Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. International Journal of Cardiology , 5 , Plos One , 10 12 , e Selenium and coenzyme Q10 interrelationship in cardiovascular diseases--A clinician's point of view.

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Levels of sP-selectin and hs-CRP decrease with dietary intervention with selenium and Coenzyme Q10 combined: A Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Plos ONE, 10 9 , Less increase of copeptin and MR-proADM due to intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 combined: Results from a 4-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. Biofactors Oxford, England , 41 6 , Baggio, E.

Italian multicenter study on the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in heart failure interim analysis. Balercia, G. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: an open, uncontrolled pilot study.

Fertility and Sterility , 81 1 , Berman, M. Aravot, D. Coenzyme Q10 in patients with end-stage heart failure awaiting cardiac transplantation: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clinical Cardiology , 27 5 , Bogsrud, M. No effect of combined coenzyme Q10 and selenium supplementation on atorvastatin-induced myopathy.

Brauner, H. Markers of innate immune activity in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effect of the anti-oxidant coenzyme Q10 on inflammatory activity. Clinical and Experimental Immunology , 2 , Deichmann, R. Impact of coenzyme Q on parameters of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle performance in older athletes taking statins. The Physician and Sports Medicine, 40 4 , Del Pozo-Cruz, J. Relationship between functional capacity and body mass index with plasma coenzyme Q10 and oxidative damage in community-dwelling elderly-people.

Experimental Gerontology , Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Coenzyme Q a preliminary study. Journal of Dental Research , 78, Coenzyme Q10 for the treatment of heart failure: a review of the literature. Open Heart , 19;2 1 :e Engelsen, J. Effect of coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in stable, long-term warfarin treated outpatients.

A randomised, double blind, placebo-crossover trial. Thrombosis And Haemostasis, 87 6 , Ernster L. In: Folkers K. Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Eriksson, J. The effect of coenzyme Q10 administration on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biofactors Oxford, England , 9 , Fedacko, J. Coenzyme Q10 and selenium in statin-associated myopathy treatment. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology , 91 2 , Evidence for a deficiency of coenzyme Q10 in human heart disease.

International Journal of Vitamin Research 40 3 Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of cardiomyopathy with Coenzyme Q Folkers, K. Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans. Activities of vitamin Q10 in animal models and a serious deficiency in patients with cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. A one year bioavailability study of coenzyme Q10 with 3 months withdrawal period.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine , 15 Supplss Fotino, A. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97 2 , Golomb, B. Coenzyme Q10 benefits symptoms in Gulf War veterans: results of a randomized double-blind study. Neural Computation, 26 11 , Hathcock JN, Shao A. Risk assessment for coenzyme Q10 Ubiquinone. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. Henriksen, J. Impact of ubiquinone Coenzyme Q10 treatment on glycemic control, insulin requirement and well-being in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Hidaka, T. Safety assessment of Coenzyme Q10 CoQ Hodges, S. CoQ could it have a role in cancer management? Huntington Study Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 and remacemide in Huntington's disease. Ikematsu, H.

Safety assessment of coenzyme Q10 Kaneka Q10 in healthy subjects: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology , 44 3 , Johansson, P. Improved health-related quality of life, and more days out of hospital with supplementation with selenium and Coenzyme Q10 combined. Results from a double blind, placebo-controlled prospective study. Folkers, G. Littarru and T. Yamagami, eds.

Amsterdam: Elsevier. Improved long-term survival in coenzyme Q10 treated congestive heart failure patients compared to conventionally treated patients, in: Biomedical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q , Vol. Folkers and Y. Yamamura, eds. Myocardial preservation by therapy with Coenzyme Q10 during heart surgery. Clinical Investigator, 71 8 Suppl :S Coenzyme Q10 reduction of Adriamycin cardiotoxicity.

In: Folkers K, Yamamura Y, eds. Vol 4. Judy, W. Coenzyme Q Facts or Fabrications? Natural Products Insider. Age-related changes in the lipid compositions of rat and human tissues. Keogh, A. Khatta, M. The effect of coenzyme Q10 in patients with congestive heart failure.

Annals of Internal Medicine , 8 , Kocharian, A. Coenzyme Q10 improves diastolic function in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiology in the Young , 19 5 , Kuklinski, B.

Coenzyme Q10 and antioxidants in acute myocardial infarction. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 15 Supplss Langsjoen, PH. Effective treatment with coenzyme Q10 of patients with chronic myocardial disease. Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research , 11 8 , Response of patients in classes III and IV of cardiomyopathy to therapy in a blind and crossover trial with coenzyme Q Langsjoen, P. Effective and safe therapy with coenzyme Q10 for cardiomyopathy. Klinische Wochenschrift , 66 13 , A six-year clinical study of therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10 , International Journal of Tissue Reactions 12, — Treatment of statin adverse effects with supplemental Coenzyme Q10 and statin drug discontinuation.

Biofactors Oxford, England , 25 , Langsjoen, H. Usefulness of coenzyme Q10 in clinical cardiology: a long-term study. Lee, B. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces oxidative stress and increases antioxidant enzyme activity in patients with coronary artery disease.

Nutrition Journal , 12 1 , Leong, J. Perioperative metabolic therapy improves redox status and outcomes in cardiac surgery patients: a randomised trial. Lewin, A. The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on sperm motility and function. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 18 Supplement , ss Littarru, G.

Coenzyme Q10 and statins: biochemical and clinical implications. Mitochondrion , 7 SupplSS Lockwood, K. Apparent partial remission of breast cancer in 'high risk' patients supplemented with nutritional antioxidants, essential fatty acids and coenzyme Q Molecular Aspects Of Medicine , 15 Suppl ss Progress on therapy of breast cancer with vitamin Q10 and the regression of metastases.

Biochemical And Biophysical Research Communications , 1 , McMurray, J. Coenzyme Q10, rosuvastatin, and clinical outcomes in heart failure: a pre-specified substudy of CORONA controlled rosuvastatin multinational study in heart failure. Journal of the American College Of Cardiology , 56 15 , Madmani, M. Coenzyme Q10 for heart failure. Molyneux, S. Coenzyme Q an independent predictor of mortality in chronic heart failure.

Mohr, D. Dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q10 results in increased levels of ubiquinol within circulating lipoproteins and increased resistance of human low-density lipoprotein to the initiation of lipid peroxidation.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta , 3 , Morisco, C. Effect of coenzyme Q10 therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: a long-term multicenter randomized study. Mortensen, SA. Coenzyme Q clinical benefits with biochemical correlates suggesting a scientific breakthrough in the management of chronic heart failure. International Journal of Tissue Reactions , 12 3 , Long-term coenzyme Q10 therapy: a major advance in the management of resistant myocardial failure.

Mortensen, S. Overview on coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive therapy in chronic heart failure. Rationale, design and end-points of "Q-Symbio"--a multinational trial. Biofactors Oxford, England , 18 , Journal of The American College of Cardiology, 57 14 , ; author reply Heart Failure , 2 6 , Coenzyme Q will this natural substance become a guideline-directed adjunctive therapy in heart failure? Heart Failure , 3 3 , The mitochondria in heart failure: a target for coenzyme Q10 therapy?

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 96 6 , Munkholm, H. Coenzyme Q10 treatment in serious heart failure.

Navas, P. Comparative bioavailability of seven Coenzyme Q10 preparations. In publication. Nylander, M. Okuyama, H. Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: pharmacological mechanisms. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 8 2 , Olson, RE. Karl August Folkers — Journal of Nutrition 9 : — Pourmoghaddas, M. ARYA Atherosclerosis , 10 1 , Rosenfeldt, F. Systematic review of effect of coenzyme Q10 in physical exercise, hypertension and heart failure.

Sander, S. The impact of coenzyme Q10 on systolic function in patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure , 12 6 , Sharma, A. Heart Failure, 9 4 , e Shive, W. Karl August Folkers, September 1, — December 9, Biographical memoirs. National Academy of Sciences U. Effects of coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: evidence of slowing of the functional decline. Arch Neurol. Shults, C. Pilot trial of high dosages of coenzyme Q10 in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Experimental Neurology, 2 , Sinatra, S. Coenzyme Q10 and Congestive Heart Failure. Annals of Internal Medicine, 9 , Singh, R. Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 12 4 , Effect on absorption and oxidative stress of different oral Coenzyme Q10 dosages and intake strategy in healthy men.

Soja, A. Treatment of congestive heart failure with coenzyme Q10 illuminated by meta-analyses of clinical trials. Weber, C. Antioxidative effect of dietary coenzyme Q10 in human blood plasma. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 64 4 , Intestinal absorption of Coenzyme Q10 administered in a meal or as capsules to healthy subjects. Nutrition Research , 17, 6, Weis, M. Bioavailability of four oral coenzyme Q10 formulations in healthy volunteers.

Ylikoski, T. The effect of coenzyme Q10 on the exercise performance of cross-country skiers. Yokoyama, H. Coenzyme Q10 protects coronary endothelial function from ischemia reperfusion injury via an antioxidant effect. Surgery , 2 , Zhou, Q. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on warfarin hydroxylation in rat and human liver microsomes. Current Drug Metabolism , 6 2 , Zita, C. Serum coenzyme Q10 concentrations in healthy men supplemented with 30 mg or mg coenzyme Q10 for two months in a randomised controlled study.

Professional guidance from our experts. Show Navigation. Log In. Search for. Search Results Close. Looking for our international site or our international shop? They have moved here: International site: www pharmanord. The History of Coenzyme Q10 Research. Introduction to CoQ Quality of Life served in a Capsule When American scientists discovered coenzyme Q10 for the very first time back in , they knew that they were on to something, but they had no idea that their discovery would eventually add a whole new dimension to medical science.

Coenzyme Q The Essential Bio-Nutrient Over the past 25 — 30 years, researchers in the bio-medical community have built up an extensive knowledge base about the absorption, safety, and health effects of Coenzyme Q Karl August Folkers, - Svend Aage Mortensen, - The second of the two great men in the history of Coenzyme Q10 research was the Danish cardiologist and researcher Dr. Svend Aage Mortensen right The conventional treatment of chronic heart failure is designed mostly to block neurohormonal responses in patients.

Who was Dr. Karl Folkers? Coenzyme Q10 vitamin-like and essential but not a vitamin In imagining that Coenzyme Q10 would prove to be a vitamin, Dr. Folkers in the early years at Merck: B vitamins and anti-biotics Dr. The mevalonate pathway While still at Merck, Dr. It is also seen why statins inhibit the body's production of CoQ10 A simplified illustration of the mevalonate pathway producing the building blocks used to make isoprenoids.

It is also seen why statins inhibit the body's production of CoQ10 Dr. Crane takes samples of Coenzyme Q10 to Dr. Folkers Dr. Folkers and the role of Coenzyme Q10 in heart failure In , Dr.

Folkers and his fellow researchers became more and more convinced of the efficacy of supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 in a variety of diseases: Cardiomyopathy disease of the heart muscle Hypertension Muscular dystrophy Periodontal disease. William Judy] Already in , in recognition of the link between lower blood and tissue levels of Coenzyme Q10 and congestive heart failure, Japan approved the use of Coenzyme Q10 for the medical treatment of heart failure.

Svend Aage Mortensen? Folkers collaborates with heart failure researchers. These three researchers were pioneers in the adjuvant treatment of heart disease with Coenzyme Q Dr. Per Langsjoen of Temple, Texas Dr. Briefly, the New York Heart Association classes, widely used in the diagnosis of heart failure patients, describe patients as follows: Class I: feeling capable of ordinary physical exertion but showing signs of early fatigue and shortness of breath at higher levels of exertion Class II: feeling comfortable at rest but showing signs of early fatigue and shortness of breath and discomfort at ordinary levels of physical activity Class III: feeling fatigue, heart palpitation, or shortness of breath during light activity Class IV: feeling fatigue, heart palpitation, or shortness of breath even while at rest s: Folkers and Mortensen: Supplementation of heart disease patients with Coenzyme Q10 in open-label studies Dr.

The management of chronic heart failure Folkers and Mortensen By , Dr. They had seen the significant inverse association between the level of blood and tissues concentrations of Coenzyme Q10 and the severity of heart failure.

They had seen significant improvement in the symptoms and survival of heart failure patients treated with milligrams of Coenzyme Q10 daily. They had seen relapses whenever the administration of Coenzyme Q10 to heart failure patients was discontinued. In particular, the researchers recorded significant improvements in the following parameters: stroke volume the amount of blood pumped out in a single contraction of the heart ejection fraction the percentage of the blood being pumped out of the heart as it contracts Drs.

Langsjoen and Littarru: Concerns about the relationship between statin medications and atherosclerosis and heart failure Already in , Dr. Explanations for Coenzyme Q10 deficiency in heart muscle cells Dr.

The Coenzyme Q10 situation by Further considerations: Coenzyme Q10 as an antioxidant By the s, Dr. Mids: Dr. Folkers ready to move on to cancer research At some point in the mids, Dr. Wanting to build on the research of Dr. Emile Bliznakov In the back of his mind, Dr.

Bliznakov had shown a number of thought-provoking results: Administration of small dosages of Coenzyme Q10, ranging from to micrograms, to laboratory mice improved phagocyte activity and increased antibody counts in the mice. Phagocytes are the immune system cells that engulf and absorb harmful foreign microorganisms before they can hurt the cells and tissues.

Administration of Coenzyme Q10 to the mice delayed the onset of tumor growth, limited the growth of tumors, and reduced mortality when Dr. Bliznakov induced tumor growth by injecting a carcinogen. Administration of Coenzyme Q10 reduced the mortality rate in laboratory mice infected with leukemia virus. Coenzyme Q10 and prostate cancer The last cancer management study that Dr.

Svend Aage Mortensen Cardio-toxicity of cancer drugs and the role of Coenzyme Q10 As early as the s, Japanese researchers had seen toxic effects of the cancer drug Adriamycin doxorubicin on the heart muscle. Sven Moesgaard and Eli Wallin of Pharma Nord — making products that they themselves wanted to take based on solid research results s: Coenzyme Q10 absorption and bioavailability studies The concept of absorption in the context of the oral supplement Coenzyme Q10 refers to the amount of Coenzyme Q10 that passes from the mouth to the stomach to the small intestine and through the absorption cells of the small intestine into the lymph and then into the blood.

Folkers met frequently with Sven Moesgaard and constantly urged him to do more research on the absorption and effects of Coenzyme Q10 s: Pharma Nord research on the effects of Coenzyme Q10 Pushed by Dr.

Gian Paolo Littarru In , Dr. The results of the meta-analysis showed that adjunctive treatment of heart failure patients with Coenzyme Q10 significantly improved the following parameters: stroke volume cardiac output ejection fraction cardiac index end diastolic volume index systolic time intervals total work capacity The beneficial effects of Coenzyme Q10 as an adjunctive treatment of heart failure were beginning to be well-documented.

The quality of those two preparations are identical During the period October 11 — 15, , the International Coenzyme Q10 Association held its 8 th international conference.

Looking ahead to the 21st Century: The Guidelines. The beginning of the 21 st century of Coenzyme Q10 research The 21 st century in Coenzyme Q10 research started slowly. Taken together, the studies comprised the results from over patients with heart failure All of the studies had a cross-over design or a parallel groups design All of the studies but one used between and milligrams of Coenzyme Q10 per day None of the studies reported any significant side effects Ten of the 13 studies showed positive effects of adjunctive treatment of heart failure patients with Coenzyme Q improvements in symptoms, exercise capacity, and quality of life Three of the 13 studies had neutral outcomes The improvement in exercise capacity associated with Coenzyme Q10 treatment had the same order of magnitude as the improvement in exercise capacity associated with the use of ACE inhibitors in heart failure patients Alehagen: the first elderly participants enrolled in KiSel study Dr.

SelenoPrecise is also registered in the EU, both in a pharmaceutical edition and as a dietary supplement The researchers enrolled elderly persons aged 70 — 88 years who could be expected to fulfill a study period of five years. Coenzyme Q10 in Physical Exercise. Rosenfeldt identified 11 studies; six showed some modest improvement in exercise capacity with Coenzyme Q10 supplementation while five showed no effect. Coenzyme Q10 in Hypertension. Rosenfeldt identified eight published trials of Coenzyme Q10 in hypertension.

In the eight studies, the mean reduction in systolic blood pressure was 16 mm Hg. The mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 10 mm Hg. Coenzyme Q10 had a role as an adjunctive treatment to conventional treatments in hypertension.

Coenzyme Q10 in Heart Failure. Rosenfeldt did a meta-analysis of nine randomized trials. In those nine trials, there were non-significant trends towards increased ejection fraction and reduced mortality. This move was puzzling for several reasons: The lack of any documented effect for ubiquinol — all of the studies showing beneficial health effects had been done with the oxidized form of Coenzyme Q10, the ubiquinone form The known instability of the ubiquinol molecules a common characteristic of antioxidants The absence of any physical explanation for any supposed superiority of the ubiquinol product The greater cost of producing the ubiquinol raw material and finished products The knowledge that the ubiquinol in supplements is converted to ubiquinone in the stomach and the small intestine prior to absorption The knowledge that the ubiquinone that enters the absorption cells in the small intestine is converted to ubiquinol as it passes into the lymph — it is not necessary to ingest ubiquinol in order to get ubiquinol in the blood Dr.

Judy on Coenzyme Q10 facts and fabrications In , Dr. Judy made the following points about Coenzyme Q10 supplements [41]: The body cannot absorb Coenzyme Q10 crystals; only single Coenzyme Q10 molecules can be absorbed.

The important thing is to produce Coenzyme Q10 supplements that have the raw material dissolved in vegetable oils in such a way that the Coenzyme Q10 does not re-form into crystals at body temperature or room temperature. The melting point of Coenzyme Q10 is approximately 10 degrees centigrade higher than body temperature, and a body temperature of 47 degrees centigrade is incompatible with life.

Coenzyme Q10 cannot be made into water-soluble molecules and continue to be Coenzyme Q The two hydrogen ions on the polar head of the ubiquinol molecule may make it slightly more water-soluble than the ubiquinone molecule, but the ubiquinol molecule continues to be far more lipid-soluble than water-soluble because of the larger non-polar tail of the molecule. Ubiquinol reduced Coenzyme Q10 is highly unstable and is concerted to ubiquinone in the stomach before it ever reaches the absorption cells in the small intestine.

In fact, the ubiquinol in some products is converted to ubiquinone in the softgel capsule. Coenzyme Q10, whether ingested in the form of ubiquinone or ubiquinol, leaves the stomach in the form of ubiquinone.

In the absorption cells in the small intestine, and in the distal lymph, almost all of the ubiquinone being absorbed is converted to ubiquinol. The absorbed Coenzyme Q10 is transported from the absorption cells to the lymph and from the lymph to the venous blood.

Coenzyme Q10 concentrations peak in the lymph 2 -3 hours after ingestion and in the blood 5 — 8 hours after ingestion. The energy producing form of Coenzyme Q10 is the ubiquinone form. Because the body does not need to produce energy in the lymph and in the blood, it is not surprising that the Coenzyme Q10 is in the form of ubiquinol, which is the form of Coenzyme Q10 that provides antioxidant protection against the peroxidation of the lipids being transported in the blood.

Coenzyme Q10 accumulates in the blood and becomes bioavailable to the cells. Mayo Clin Proc ;90 1 PMID Oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves clinical symptoms and recovers pathologic alterations in blood mononuclear cells in a fibromyalgia patient. Nutrition ;28 Regulation of the oxidative balance with coenzyme Q10 sensitizes human glioblastoma cells to radiation and temozolomide.

Radiother Oncol ; 2 Serum levels of coenzyme Q10 in patients with multiple system atrophy. PLoS One ;11 1 :e Simvastatin effects on skeletal muscle: relation to decreased mitochondrial function and glucose intolerance. J Am Coll Cardiol ;61 1 Cellular consequences of coenzyme q10 deficiency in neurodegeneration of the retina and brain. Int J Mol Sci ;21 23 A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in Huntington disease.

Neurology ;88 2 Analysis of coenzyme Q10 in muscle and fibroblasts for the diagnosis of CoQ10 deficiency syndromes. Clin Biochem ;41 9 Coenzyme Q10 depletion in medical and neuropsychiatric disorders: potential repercussions and therapeutic implications. Mol Neurobiol ;48 3 A randomized clinical trial of high-dosage coenzyme Q10 in early Parkinson disease: no evidence of benefit. JAMA Neurol ;71 5 A randomized controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 for fatigue in the late-onset sequelae of poliomyelitis.

Complement Ther Med ;23 6 Primary and secondary coenzyme Q10 deficiency: the role of therapeutic supplementation. Nutr Rev ;71 3 Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces oxidative stress and increases antioxidant enzyme activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Int J Neurosci ; 11 Enhancement of intestinal absorption of coenzyme Q10 using emulsions containing oleyl polyethylene acetic acids. Eur J Pharm Sci ; Coenzyme Q10 levels are decreased in the cerebellum of multiple-system atrophy patients. PLoS One ;11 2 :e Effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 in prophylactic treatment of migraine headache: an open-label, add-on, controlled trial.

Acta Neurol Belg ; 1 Coenzyme Q10 improves the survival and reduces inflammatory markers in septic patients. Bratisl Lek Listy ; 2 Coenzyme Q10 therapy in hereditary motor sensory neuropathy type VI with novel mitofusin 2 mutation. Intern Med ;51 7 Does coenzyme Q10 supplementation mitigate statin-associated muscle symptoms?

Pharmacological and methodological considerations. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs ;18 2 Neurobiol Aging ;33 3 Atherosclerosis ; 2 Contributors Author. See Profile. This is an article preview. Start a Free Account to access the full version. Questions or Comment? Related Content. Also Relevant. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Ataxia Complex II deficiency Cyclic vomiting syndrome Huntington disease Kearns-Sayre syndrome Leber hereditary optic neuropathy Multiple sclerosis Migraine Neuropharmacology Neuroprotection for central nervous system disorders Parkinson disease Progressive supranuclear palsy: cognitive and behavioral changes.

Content Categories. Also in This Category. Primary dietary sources of CoQ10 include oily fish such as salmon and tuna , organ meats such as liver , and whole grains. Most individuals obtain sufficient amounts of CoQ10 through a balanced diet, but supplementation may be useful for individuals with particular health conditions. CoQ10 is available as a supplement in several forms, including soft gel capsules, oral spray, hard shell capsules, and tablets. A typical CoQ10 dosage is 30 to 90 mg per day, taken in divided doses, but the recommended amount can be as high as mg per day.

CoQ10 is fat-soluble, so it is better absorbed when taken with a meal that contains oil or fat. The clinical effect is not immediate and may take up to eight weeks.

Side effects of CoQ10 may include diarrhea and rash; safety of Co q10 in pregnant or nursing women, or children has not been established. It is an effective antioxidant both on its own and in fusion with vitamin E and is fundamental in powering the body's energy production ATP cycle. CoQ10 is found throughout the body in cell membranes, especially in the mitochondrial membranes, and is chiefly abundant in the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, and adrenal glands.

The whole body content of CoQ10 is only about mg and decreases with age. Coenzyme Q10 is one of the most significant lipid antioxidants that prevents the generation of free radicals and modifications of proteins, lipids, and DNA. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. Rajiv Saini. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer.